This topic describes the parameters and interfaces of the Java SDK for Qwen-Audio-3.0-ASR-Flash-Streaming/Fun-ASR-Realtime real-time speech recognition.
User guide: For an introduction to the models and guidance on model selection, see Speech-to-text.
The Recognition class provides interfaces for both synchronous calls and bidirectional streaming calls. Choose the approach that fits your needs:
Submit a single real-time speech recognition task and get the recognition result synchronously by passing in a local file. The call blocks until the result is returned.
Instantiate The Recognition class, and call the
Submit a single real-time speech recognition task and stream the real-time recognition results by implementing a callback interface.
Submit a single real-time speech recognition task and stream the real-time recognition results by implementing a workflow (Flowable).
Flowable is an open-source framework for workflow and business process management, released under the Apache 2.0 license. For how to use Flowable, see Flowable API details.
The DashScope Java SDK uses the connection pooling of OkHttp3 to reduce the overhead of repeatedly establishing connections. For details, see Optimize Paraformer real-time speech recognition for high concurrency.
Use the chained methods of
Import
During bidirectional streaming calls, the server returns key process information and data to the client through callbacks. Implement the callback methods to handle the information or data returned by the server.
Implement the callback methods by extending the abstract class
If you encounter errors, see Error codes for troubleshooting.
If the issue persists, join the developer community to report your issue and provide the Request ID for further investigation.
Set the request parameter
Use the FFmpeg tool. For more usage, see the FFmpeg official website.
There are two ways to recognize a local file:
Prerequisites
Quick start
The Recognition class provides interfaces for both synchronous calls and bidirectional streaming calls. Choose the approach that fits your needs:
- Synchronous call: recognizes a local file and returns the complete result at once. Best for processing pre-recorded audio.
- Bidirectional streaming call: recognizes an audio stream directly and returns results in real time. The audio stream can come from an external device, such as a microphone, or be read from a local file. Best for scenarios that require immediate feedback.
Synchronous call
Submit a single real-time speech recognition task and get the recognition result synchronously by passing in a local file. The call blocks until the result is returned.
Instantiate The Recognition class, and call the call method to bind Request parameters and the file to recognize. The method performs recognition and returns the final result.
Click to view the full example
Click to view the full example
Bidirectional streaming call: callback-based
Submit a single real-time speech recognition task and stream the real-time recognition results by implementing a callback interface.
-
Start streaming speech recognition
Instantiate The Recognition class, and call the
callmethod to bind Request parameters and The callback interface (ResultCallback) and start streaming speech recognition. -
Stream the audio
Call the
sendAudioFramemethod of The Recognition class in a loop to send the binary audio stream to the server in segments. Read the audio from a local file or a device such as a microphone. While the audio data is being sent, the server returns recognition results to the client in real time through theonEventmethod of The callback interface (ResultCallback). Send about 100 ms of audio per frame, keeping each payload between 1 KB and 16 KB. -
End the process
Call the
stopmethod of The Recognition class to end speech recognition. This method blocks the current thread until theonCompleteoronErrorcallback of The callback interface (ResultCallback) is triggered, at which point the thread is released.
Click to view the full example
Click to view the full example
Bidirectional streaming call: Flowable-based
Submit a single real-time speech recognition task and stream the real-time recognition results by implementing a workflow (Flowable).
Flowable is an open-source framework for workflow and business process management, released under the Apache 2.0 license. For how to use Flowable, see Flowable API details.
Click to view the full example
Click to view the full example
Call the
streamCall method of The Recognition class directly to start recognition.The streamCall method returns a Flowable<RecognitionResult> instance. Use methods of the Flowable instance, such as blockingForEach or subscribe, to process the recognition results. Each result is wrapped in a RecognitionResult.The streamCall method takes two parameters:RecognitionParaminstance (Request parameters): use it to set the model, sample rate, audio format, and other parameters required for speech recognition.Flowable<ByteBuffer>instance: create an instance of typeFlowable<ByteBuffer>and implement the audio-stream parsing logic in it.
High-concurrency calls
The DashScope Java SDK uses the connection pooling of OkHttp3 to reduce the overhead of repeatedly establishing connections. For details, see Optimize Paraformer real-time speech recognition for high concurrency.
Request parameters
Use the chained methods of RecognitionParam to configure the model, sample rate, audio format, and other parameters. Pass the configured parameter object to the call/streamCall method of The Recognition class.
Click to view the example
Click to view the example
| Parameter | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| model | String | Yes | The model name. The Qwen-Audio-3.0-ASR-Flash-Streaming and Fun-ASR-Realtime model series are supported. For details, see Supported models and regions. |
| sampleRate | Integer | Yes | The sample rate, in Hz.Valid values: 8 kHz models support only 8000 Hz; other models support any sample rate. |
| format | String | Yes | The audio format.Valid values:
|
| vocabularyId | String | No | The ID of a precompiled hot word list.Generate this ID in advance by calling the create hot word list API. Pass the ID during recognition to use the hot words in the list.Suitable for scenarios where the vocabulary is known and relatively stable, and where you need to reuse the same word list across requests.For usage details, see Precompiled hotwords. |
| vocabulary | Map<String, Integer> | No | Instant hot words.Passed as key-value pairs, where the key is the hot word text (string) and the value is the hot word weight (integer). No hot word list needs to be created in advance. The weight ranges from [1, 5] or is set to 50: a value in [1, 5] makes the model more likely to output the word as the value increases; a value of 50 designates a super hot word, which greatly improves recall, but the number of super hot words cannot exceed 50.Suitable for temporary, session-level hot word optimization.When instant and precompiled hotwords are configured together, the system merges both sets. If the merged set contains more than 2000 hotwords, the system randomly selects 2000 to use. For usage details, see Instant hotwords.Set vocabulary through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| semantic_punctuation_enabled | boolean | No | Whether to enable semantic segmentation.Default value: false.
Set semantic_punctuation_enabled through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| max_sentence_silence | Integer | No | The VAD silence threshold for segmentation, in ms. When the silence after a segment of speech exceeds this threshold, the system determines that the sentence has ended. When semantic_punctuation_enabled is set to true, this parameter is not used as the criterion for returning sentence_end, but setting it too low may affect recognition performance.Default value: 1300.Valid values: [200, 6000].Set max_sentence_silence through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| multi_threshold_mode_enabled | boolean | No | Whether to enable multi-threshold mode. When enabled, this prevents VAD segments from becoming too long.Default value: false. Set multi_threshold_mode_enabled through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| punctuation_prediction_enabled | boolean | No | Sets whether to automatically add punctuation to the recognition results:
Set punctuation_prediction_enabled through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| heartbeat | boolean | No | Whether to enable heartbeat packets.Default value: false.
To use this field, the SDK version must be 2.19.1 or later.Set heartbeat through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| language_hints | String[] | No | The language of the audio to recognize. There is no default value; if not set, the model detects the language automatically.For the Qwen-Audio-3.0-ASR-Flash-Streaming model series, you can set up to 4 values; if you set more than 4, only the first 4 take effect. For the Fun-ASR-Realtime model series, you can set only 1 value; if you set multiple values, only the first one takes effect.
Click to view the supported language codes
Set language_hints through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| speech_noise_threshold | float | No | The threshold for distinguishing speech from noise, used to adjust the sensitivity of Voice Activity Detection (VAD).Valid values: [-1.0, 1.0].Value descriptions:
Set speech_noise_threshold through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| special_word_filter | String | No | Specifies the sensitive words to process during speech recognition, and supports setting different processing methods for different sensitive words. For details, see Sensitive word filtering. Set special_word_filter through the parameter method or the parameters method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| input | Map<String, Object> | No | Input object that passes in the conversation context. The context helps recognition and improves the recognition accuracy of proper terms. For usage, see Quick start.The Map must contain a context key whose value is a message array of type List<Map<String, Object>>. Each message contains the following fields:
To use this field, the SDK version must be 2.22.23 or later.Set input through the input method of the RecognitionParam instance: |
| apiKey | String | No | Your API key. |
Key interfaces
The Recognition class
Import Recognition with import com.alibaba.dashscope.audio.asr.recognition.Recognition;. Its key interfaces are as follows:
| Interface/Method | Parameter | Return value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| None | Callback-based streaming real-time recognition. This method does not block the current thread. | |
| The recognition result. | Non-streaming recognition of a local file. This method blocks the current thread until the entire audio file is read. The file must be readable. | |
| Flowable<RecognitionResult> | Flowable-based streaming real-time recognition. | |
| None | Sends audio. Keep each pushed audio chunk within a reasonable size. A recommended chunk holds about 100 ms of audio and is 1 KB to 16 KB in size.Recognition results are delivered through the onEvent method of the The callback interface (ResultCallback). | |
| None | None | Stops real-time recognition.This method blocks the current thread until the ResultCallback callback's onComplete or onError is called. | |
| code: The WebSocket close code.reason: The reason for closing.For guidance on setting these two parameters, see The WebSocket Protocol. | true | After a task ends, always close the WebSocket connection, whether or not an exception occurred, to avoid connection leaks. To reuse connections for better efficiency, see Optimize Paraformer real-time speech recognition for high concurrency. | |
| None | requestId | Gets the requestId of the current task. Available after a new task starts with call or streamingCall.This method is available only in SDK version 2.18.0 and later. | |
| None | The first-packet latency. | Gets the first-packet latency, that is, the delay from sending the first audio packet to receiving the first recognition result. Use it after the task completes. This method is available only in SDK version 2.18.0 and later. | |
| None | The last-packet latency. | Gets the last-packet latency, that is, the time from sending the stop command to receiving the final recognition result. Use it after the task completes.This method is available only in SDK version 2.18.0 and later. |
The callback interface (ResultCallback)
During bidirectional streaming calls, the server returns key process information and data to the client through callbacks. Implement the callback methods to handle the information or data returned by the server.
Implement the callback methods by extending the abstract class ResultCallback. When you extend this class, you can set the generic type to RecognitionResult. RecognitionResult wraps the data structure returned by the server.
Because Java supports connection reuse, there is no onClose or onOpen.
Example
Example
| Interface/Method | Parameter | Return value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
result: Real-time recognition result (RecognitionResult) | None | Called when the server sends a response. | |
| None | None | Called after the task completes. | |
e: The exception information. | None | Called when an exception occurs. |
Response
Real-time recognition result (RecognitionResult)
RecognitionResult represents the result of a single real-time recognition.
| Interface/Method | Parameter | Return value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| None | requestId | Gets the requestId. | |
| None | Whether a complete sentence has been formed, that is, whether a sentence boundary was detected. | Determines whether the given sentence has ended. | |
| None | Sentence information (Sentence) | Gets the sentence information, including timestamps and text. |
Sentence information (Sentence)
| Interface/Method | Parameter | Return value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| None | The sentence start time, in ms. | Returns the sentence start time. | |
| None | The sentence end time, in ms. | Returns the sentence end time. | |
| None | The recognized text. | Returns the recognized text. | |
| None | A List of Word-level timestamp information (Word) objects. | Returns word-level timestamp information. |
Word-level timestamp information (Word)
| Interface/Method | Parameter | Return value | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| None | The word start time, in ms. | Returns the word start time. | |
| None | The word end time, in ms. | Returns the word end time. | |
| None | The word. | Returns the recognized word. | |
| None | The punctuation. | Returns the punctuation. |
Error codes
If you encounter errors, see Error codes for troubleshooting.
If the issue persists, join the developer community to report your issue and provide the Request ID for further investigation.
FAQ
Features
Q: How do I keep the connection to the server alive during long periods of silence?
Set the request parameter heartbeat to true, and keep sending silent audio to the server.
Silent audio is audio that contains no sound signal in the file or data stream. You can generate silent audio in several ways, for example, by using audio editing software such as Audacity or Adobe Audition, or a command-line tool such as FFmpeg.
Q: How do I convert audio to a supported format?
Use the FFmpeg tool. For more usage, see the FFmpeg official website.
Q: How do I recognize a local file (a recording)?
There are two ways to recognize a local file:
-
Pass in the local file path directly: this approach returns the complete recognition result only after recognition finishes, so it isn't suitable for scenarios that need immediate feedback.
See Synchronous call, and pass the file path to the
callmethod of the The Recognition class to recognize the recording directly. -
Convert the local file to a binary stream for recognition: this approach recognizes the file and streams results at the same time, which suits scenarios that need immediate feedback.
- See Bidirectional streaming call: callback-based, and send the binary stream to the server for recognition through the
sendAudioFramemethod of the The Recognition class. - See Bidirectional streaming call: Flowable-based, and send the binary stream to the server for recognition through the
streamCallmethod of the The Recognition class.
- See Bidirectional streaming call: callback-based, and send the binary stream to the server for recognition through the
Troubleshooting
Q: Why can't the speech be recognized (no recognition result)?
-
Check that the audio format (
format) and sample rate (sampleRate/sample_rate) in the request parameters are correct and meet the parameter constraints. Common mistakes include:- The audio file has a .wav extension but is actually in MP3 format, while the request parameter
formatis set to mp3 (incorrect parameter setting). - The audio sample rate is 3600 Hz, but the request parameter
sampleRate/sample_rateis set to 48000 (incorrect parameter setting).
- The audio file has a .wav extension but is actually in MP3 format, while the request parameter
-
Check that the language set in
language_hintsmatches the actual language of the audio. For example, the audio is actually in Chinese, butlanguage_hintsis set toen(English). - If none of the checks above reveal a problem, configure custom hotwords to improve recognition of specific terms.